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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>The Berkeley site has resources that can assist students and teachers learn about and teach evolution. The materials are organized in optional learning paths, such as "What does T. rex look like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection explains how creatures who are better equipped to adapt biologically to changing environments survive longer and those that do not end up becoming extinct. This process of biological evolution is the basis of science.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The term "evolution" can have a variety of meanings that are not scientific. For example it could refer to "progress" and "descent with modifications." It is a scientific term that refers to the process of change of traits over time in organisms or  [http://xojh.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=2485805 에볼루션카지노사이트] species. The reason for this change is biological terms on natural selection and drift.<br><br>Evolution is a fundamental tenet in the field of biology today. It is an accepted theory that has withstood the tests of time and thousands of scientific experiments. In contrast to other theories in science, such as the Copernican theory or the germ theory of disease, evolution does not address issues of religion or God's existence.<br><br>Early evolutionists like Erasmus Darwin (Charles’s grandfather) and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed that certain physical traits were predetermined to change in a step-like fashion over time. This was known as the "Ladder of Nature" or scala Naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this concept in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.<br><br>Darwin revealed his theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species, written in the early 1800s. It states that all species of organisms have an ancestry that can be proven through fossils and other evidence. This is the current view of evolution, which is supported in many areas of science that include molecular biology.<br><br>Scientists don't know how organisms evolved but they are sure that natural selection and genetic drift are the primary reason for the development of life. People with desirable traits are more likely to live and reproduce, and these individuals transmit their genes to the next generation. In time, this results in an accumulation of changes in the gene pool which gradually lead to new species and forms.<br><br>Certain scientists also use the term"evolution" to describe large-scale evolutionary changes such as the creation of the new species from an ancestral species. Other scientists, like population geneticists, define evolution more broadly by referring the net variation in the frequency of alleles over generations. Both definitions are acceptable and accurate however, some scientists claim that the allele-frequency definition is missing crucial aspects of the evolutionary process.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>A key step in evolution is the development of life. This happens when living systems begin to evolve at a micro-level - within cells, for example.<br><br>The origin of life is an important subject in a variety of fields that include biology and the field of chemistry. The question of how living things got their start has a special place in science because it is an important challenge to the theory of evolution. It is sometimes referred to as "the mystery" of life or "abiogenesis."<br><br>The notion that life could emerge from non-living things was called "spontaneous generation" or "spontaneous evolutionary". This was a common belief prior to Louis Pasteur's tests proved that the emergence of living organisms was not possible through an organic process.<br><br>Many scientists still think it is possible to go from nonliving to living substances. However, the conditions required are extremely difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Researchers interested in the origins and development of life are also eager to learn about the physical characteristics of the early Earth as well as other planets.<br><br>In addition, the development of life depends on the sequence of extremely complex chemical reactions that cannot be predicted from basic physical laws alone. These include the reading and replication of complex molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to create proteins that perform a particular function. These chemical reactions are comparable to a chicken-and egg problem which is the development and emergence of DNA/RNA, a protein-based cell machinery, is necessary for the onset life. But without life, the chemistry required to make it possible appears to be working.<br><br>Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among scientists from various fields. This includes prebiotic chemists planet scientists, astrobiologists, geologists and geophysicists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The term "evolution" is typically used today to refer to the accumulated changes in genetic characteristics of an entire population over time. These changes could be the result of the adaptation to environmental pressures as described in Darwinism.<br><br>This latter mechanism increases the number of genes that offer the advantage of survival for the species, leading to an overall change in the appearance of the group. These evolutionary changes are triggered by mutations, reshuffling of genes in the process of sexual reproduction, and also by the flow of genes.<br><br>While mutation and reshuffling of genes happen in all organisms and the process by which beneficial mutations are more prevalent is known as natural selection. As noted above,  [https://haley-mcnulty-2.technetbloggers.de/some-of-the-most-ingenious-things-happening-with-baccarat-evolution/ 에볼루션 바카라 무료] 바카라 사이트 ([https://www.bioguiden.se/redirect.aspx?url=https://korsholm-mcnulty-3.technetbloggers.de/14-businesses-doing-a-great-job-at-evolution-casino https://www.bioguiden.se/]) individuals who have the advantageous trait have a higher reproductive rate than those who don't. This differential in the number of offspring that are produced over a number of generations could cause a gradual change in the average number advantageous characteristics in the group.<br><br>One good example is the growing beak size on different species of finches found on the Galapagos Islands, which have evolved different shaped beaks to enable them to more easily access food in their new habitat. These changes in the form and shape of organisms can also be a catalyst for the creation of new species.<br><br>Most of the changes that take place are the result of one mutation, however occasionally, multiple mutations occur simultaneously. Most of these changes are not harmful or even detrimental to the organism, however a small portion of them could have an advantageous impact on the survival of the organism and its reproduction, thereby increasing the frequency of these changes in the population over time. Natural selection is a mechanism that could result in the accumulation of change over time that eventually leads to the creation of a new species.<br><br>Some people confuse the idea of evolution with the idea that inherited characteristics can be altered by conscious choice or use and abuse, a concept known as soft inheritance. This is a misinterpretation of the nature of evolution, and of the actual biological processes that cause it. A more accurate description is that evolution is a two-step procedure which involves the separate and often antagonistic forces of natural selection and mutation.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Humans today (Homo sapiens) evolved from primates - a group of mammals that also includes gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. The earliest human fossils indicate that our ancestors were bipeds - walkers with two legs. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to the chimpanzees. In fact our closest relatives are chimpanzees of the Pan genus. This includes pygmy, as well as bonobos. The last common ancestor of modern humans and chimpanzees was between 8 and 6 million years ago.<br><br>Humans have developed a range of characteristics over time including bipedalism, the use of fire and advanced tools. It's only in the last 100,000 years that we have developed the majority of our important traits. They include a huge brain that is sophisticated human ability to construct and use tools, and cultural diversity.<br><br>The process of evolution occurs when genetic changes allow individuals in a group to better adapt to their surroundings. Natural selection is the mechanism that drives this adaptation. Certain traits are preferred over others. The more adjusted are more likely to pass their genes on to the next generation. This is how all species evolve and the foundation for the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists call this the "law of natural selection." The law says that species that share a common ancestor tend to develop similar characteristics over time. This is because those traits make it easier for them to survive and reproduce in their environments.<br><br>Every living thing has a DNA molecule that contains the information needed to control their growth. The DNA structure is composed of base pairs which are arranged in a spiral, around phosphate and sugar molecules. The sequence of bases in each strand determines the phenotype - the distinctive appearance and behavior of an individual. A variety of mutations and reshufflings of the genetic material (known as alleles) during sexual reproduction can cause variations in a population.<br><br>Fossils of the earliest human species, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis were discovered in Africa, Asia, and  [http://bbs.theviko.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=2426626 에볼루션 바카라 체험] Europe. While there are some differences between them they all support the idea that modern humans first appeared in Africa. The genetic and fossil evidence suggests that the first humans left Africa and moved to Asia and Europe.